National Flag
• It was adopted by Constituent Assembly of India on July 22, 1947.
• It was adopted by Constituent Assembly of India on July 22, 1947.
• A tricolor flag was first accepted by the Indian National Congress in 1931, having Charkha in place of today’s Chakra.
• It is a horizontal tricolour of deep Saffron at top (stands for courage, sacrifice and renunciation), White at middle (shows truth and purity in thoughts), dark Green at the bottom (symbol of life abundance and prosperity).
• A wheel (Chakra) in centre of the white strip is the symbol of progress and movement. It has 24 spokes.
• Supreme Court declared the right to hoist flag as a Fundamental Right under Article 19 (i) (a) of the Constitution in 2002. Flag hoisting in India is regulated by flag code of India, 2002.
• The Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya and first time, the flag was hoisted by Sacchindra Prasad Bose in 1906 in Calcutta and later on in year 1907, an another tricolour flag was unfurled by Madam Bhikaji Cama in stuttgart.
• The first flag committee was headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
National Emblem
• It is adopted from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Asoka on January 26,1950.
• It is adopted from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Asoka on January 26,1950.
• In this emblem, only three lions are visible, the fourth lion being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left. The bell shaped lotus (as in the original) has been omitted. The other animals present in the emblem are :- An Elephant and a Lion.
• The words Satyameva Jayate are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagri script. These words are taken from Mundaka Upanishad.
• Similar structure of Sarnath Lion capital was also found in Thailand.
National Anthem
• The song Jana gana mana is the National Anthem of India which, was composed by Rabindra Nath Tagore in 1911, originally in Bengali.
• The song Jana gana mana is the National Anthem of India which, was composed by Rabindra Nath Tagore in 1911, originally in Bengali.
• It was adopted by Constituent Assembly on January 24, 1950 in its Hindi version.
• The song Jana gana mana was first published in January, 1912 under the title ‘Bharat Vidhata’ in Tattva Bodhini Patrika.
• The song was translated in English in 1919 with the title “Morning song of India’’.
• It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of Congress on December 27, 1911.
• Playing time of full version of National Anthem is 52 seconds while it is 20 seconds for first and last lines of the stanza.
National Song
• “Vande Mataram” is the National song of India, which was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, originally in Sanskrit.
• “Vande Mataram” is the National song of India, which was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, originally in Sanskrit.
• It was adopted on January 24, 1950, providing it equal status with National Anthem Jana gana mana.
• It is taken from his novel Anand Math published in 1882. Its English translation was done by Sri Aurobindo.
• It was sung for the first time at the Congress Session of 1896.
National Calendar
• National Calendar is based on Saka Era (began on 78 A.D.) with Chaitra as its first month and Phalguna as its last month with a normal year of 365 days adopted from March 22, 1957 along with the Gregorian Calendar.
• National Calendar is based on Saka Era (began on 78 A.D.) with Chaitra as its first month and Phalguna as its last month with a normal year of 365 days adopted from March 22, 1957 along with the Gregorian Calendar.
• Chaitra 1, falls on March 22 normally and on March 21 in leap year.
National Animal
• The Tiger (Panthera Tigris) is the National Animal of India. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes.
• The Tiger (Panthera Tigris) is the National Animal of India. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes.
• Lion was the National Animal of India till 1972. Later on, it was replaced by Tiger
Indian National Symbols
National Bird ……………………………………Peacock (Pavo Cristatus)
National Flower …………………………….. ..Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn)
National River ……………………………….. Ganga
National Tree ……………………………………Banyan (Ficus Benghalensis)
National Fruit ………………………………….. Mango (Mangifera Indica)
National Aquatic Animal…………………… Ganges River Dolphin
National Heritage Animal ………………. Elephant
National Game (De-facto) …………………. Hockey
National Drink ……………………………….. Tea (Declared to be soon)
Note: National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is headed by Prime Minister.
Blue Book ……………………………………….Report by the British Government
Green Book …………………………………….. Government of Italy and Iran
Grey Book ………………………………………..Japanese and Belgium Government
Orange Book……………………………………..Government of the Netherlands
White Book …………………………………….. Official publication of Germany, Portugal and China
White Paper (Shwet Patrika) ………………Issued by the Government of India
Yellow Book ……………………………………..Issued by the Government of France
Economic Survey ……………………………… Ministry of Finance (Government of India)
Report on Currency and Finance ………….Reserve Bank of India
Wholesale Price Index ……………………… Ministry of Industry
National Accounts Statistics ……………….Central Statistical Organization
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